3 programs, side by side

Rows marked with a dot are where these differ. Everything is each university’s own published wording; the “your average” row is yours, calculated the way each program does it.

	Carleton Engineering – Software OUAC CES Remove	Waterloo Climate and Environmental Change (Regular/Co-op) OUAC WCE Remove	U of T (Mississauga) Chemical and Physical Sciences OUAC TMW Remove
Your average, their wayrequired courses forced in
Published rangetheir exact wording	75–80%“75–80% (regular and co-op)”	77–80%“High 70s”	73–80%“Mid to high 70s”
Required coursesforced into your top 6 — options are the row below	MCV4U MHF4U SCH4U SPH4U	ENG4U	ENG4U MHF4U
Choose one ofany of these satisfies it	—	one of SCH4U, SPH4U	one of SBI4U, SCH4U, SPH4U
Prerequisitesas published	Advanced Functions (MHF4U) Calculus (MCV4U) Chemistry (SCH4U) Physics (SPH4U) 2 best 4U/M courses +3 more on the program page	English (ENG4U – min. 70%) Any Grade 12 U Mathematics (min. 70%) Chemistry or Physics	ENG4U MHF4U Some areas also require additional prerequisites, such as SCH4U and/or SBI4U and/or SPH4U Alternative Offers Because of the competitive nature of this program, you may receive an invitation after you apply for your application to be automatically reviewed for an alternative program, provided you are qualified and there is space.
More than marks?supplementary application	Marks only	Marks only	Marks only
Co-op	Available	Available	Available
Degree	—	—	—
First-year intakewhere published	—	5	150
What you study	Artificial Intelligence Computer Engineering Software Engineering	Chemistry Environmental Studies Human Geography Physical Geography	Astronomy Chemistry Geology Human Geography
What it is	You study how to design, build, and maintain software systems and applications, from the coding and logic to the architecture that makes programs run. This program includes hands-on projects in artificial intelligence and computer engineering alongside core software development. The co-op placement is required, meaning you alternate between classroom terms and paid work terms at companies, giving you real workplace experience before you graduate.	You study how Earth's climate and environment work, using chemistry, physics, and geography to understand weather systems, ecosystems, and human impacts. This program combines natural science with social geography, so you examine both the physical causes of environmental change and how people and communities respond to it. It suits students curious about climate science who want hands-on experience through co-op placements alongside their coursework.	You study chemistry, physics, astronomy, or geology at an advanced level, choosing your focus after first year. This program includes a co-op option that lets you work for employers in research, industry, or government between school terms. It suits students who are curious about how matter, energy, and natural systems work and want both hands-on lab experience and real-world work placements.
The door tomajors you reach through it	software engineering	Applied to directly	biochemistry chemistry earth science environmental science physics
Entrance awardsat this campus, by average	16 published, 9 with no applicationfrom 75%See them	4 published, 3 with no applicationfrom 80%See them	4 published, 4 with no applicationfrom 90%See them
Source	Carleton University on OUInfo	University of Waterloo on OUInfo	University of Toronto — Mississauga on OUInfo

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Same subject area and a similar published range, at a campus you have not got in the table yet.

Ranges are what each university publishes, not guaranteed cutoffs, and limited-enrolment programs often admit above them. Confirm anything you are about to act on with the university; each column links to its source.