3 programs, side by side

Rows marked with a dot are where these differ. Everything is each university’s own published wording; the “your average” row is yours, calculated the way each program does it.

	Carleton Science – Major (4 years) OUAC CK Remove	Queen's Earth and Environmental Science Pathway OUAC QSE Remove	Waterloo Science and Financial Management (Co-op Only) OUAC WSA Remove
Your average, their wayrequired courses forced in
Published rangetheir exact wording	74–76%	80–87%“Low to Mid-80s”	80–87%“Low to mid-80s”
Required coursesforced into your top 6 — options are the row below	MHF4U SBI4U SPH4U	ENG4U MCV4U	ENG4U MCV4U MHF4U
Choose one ofany of these satisfies it	two of MCV4U, SCH4U, SES4U	two of SBI4U, SCH4U, SPH4U	two of MDM4U, SBI4U, SCH4U, SES4U, SPH4U
Prerequisitesas published	Biochemistry, Biology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Neuroscience and Mental Health, and Physics. MHF4U 2 of MCV4U, SBI4U, SCH4U, SES4U or SPH4U 3 best 4U/M courses For all programs in Physics, SPH4U is strongly recommended. +3 more on the program page	ENG4U MCV4U 2 of SBI4U, SCH4U, or SPH4U 2 Additional 4 U/M courses	English (ENG4U – min. 70%) Advanced Functions (min. 70%) Calculus and Vectors (min. 70%) Any two of the following: Biology, Chemistry, Earth and Space Science, Mathematics of Data Management, or Physics
More than marks?supplementary application	Marks only	Marks only	Marks only
Co-op	No	Available	Available
Degree	—	—	—
First-year intakewhere published	—	—	30
What you study	Environmental Studies Geology Molecular Biology, Biochemistry Others in Physical Sciences	Biological Sciences Biology Biotechnology Chemistry	Accounting Biological Sciences Biology Chemistry
What it is	A Science Major is a four-year degree where you study one science subject deeply — such as physics, biology, geology, or environmental science — along with complementary courses in math and other sciences. It differs from a specialized honours program in that you focus on breadth within your chosen field rather than pursuing a single narrow specialization. This program suits students who want solid grounding in a science discipline without committing to professional training like engineering or medicine.	You study the natural systems that support life on Earth — combining biology, chemistry, geology, and geography to understand ecosystems, environmental problems, and how living things interact with their physical surroundings. This pathway is structured to integrate multiple science disciplines rather than focus narrowly on one, and it includes mandatory co-operative work terms where you apply classroom learning to real environmental jobs. It suits students curious about how nature works across scales, from molecules to landscapes, who want hands-on experience before deciding on a specific environmental career.	You study science subjects like biology, chemistry, or physics alongside accounting and finance courses, learning how to apply scientific knowledge to financial decision-making and business problems. Unlike a straight science degree, you're required to complete paid work terms with employers throughout your studies, alternating between school and jobs. This suits people who want a science background but are drawn to business applications and need real-world work experience before graduating.
The door tomajors you reach through it	Applied to directly	earth science environmental science	Applied to directly
Entrance awardsat this campus, by average	16 published, 9 with no applicationfrom 75%See them	None published by average	4 published, 3 with no applicationfrom 80%See them
Source	Carleton University on OUInfo	Queen's University on OUInfo	University of Waterloo on OUInfo

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