3 programs, side by side

Rows marked with a dot are where these differ. Everything is each university’s own published wording; the “your average” row is yours, calculated the way each program does it.

	Laurentian Earth Sciences OUAC LVI Remove	Carleton Science – Major (4 years) OUAC CK Remove	U of T (Scarborough) Physical & Environmental Sciences - Health Sciences Stream (regular and co-op) OUAC TXH Remove
Your average, their wayrequired courses forced in
Published rangetheir exact wording	70%	74–76%	73–80%“Mid-70s (regular), high 70s (co-op)”
Required coursesforced into your top 6 — options are the row below	ENG4U MHF4U	MHF4U SBI4U SPH4U	ENG4U MCV4U MHF4U
Choose one ofany of these satisfies it	—	two of MCV4U, SCH4U, SES4U	—
Prerequisitesas published	1 grade 12 English U/M course (ENG 4U) 1 grade 12 4U Advanced Functions (MHF 4U) 2 grade 12 U Science courses or 1 Science + 1 Math 2 other grade 12 U/M courses (Chemistry, Physics, and Calculus recommended) A minimum overall average of 70% in the 6 best grade 12 U/M courses +4 more on the program page	Biochemistry, Biology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Neuroscience and Mental Health, and Physics. MHF4U 2 of MCV4U, SBI4U, SCH4U, SES4U or SPH4U 3 best 4U/M courses For all programs in Physics, SPH4U is strongly recommended. +3 more on the program page	ENG4U MCV4U MHF4 Science prerequisites (SPH4U or SBI4U) for specific disciplines are also required. SCH4U is recommended for specific disciplines. See U of T Scarborough's viewbook +1 more on the program page
More than marks?supplementary application	Marks only	Marks only	Marks only
Co-op	Available	No	Available
Degree	—	—	—
First-year intakewhere published	—	—	340
What you study	Geology Physical Geography	Environmental Studies Geology Molecular Biology, Biochemistry Others in Physical Sciences	Astronomy Chemistry Environmental Studies Geology
What it is	Earth Sciences is the study of rocks, minerals, landforms, and the physical processes that shape the planet. You'll learn geology — how Earth's crust forms and changes — alongside physical geography, which focuses on climate, water systems, and landscapes. This program includes a co-op work term, giving you hands-on experience in the field or with industry partners.	A Science Major is a four-year degree where you study one science subject deeply — such as physics, biology, geology, or environmental science — along with complementary courses in math and other sciences. It differs from a specialized honours program in that you focus on breadth within your chosen field rather than pursuing a single narrow specialization. This program suits students who want solid grounding in a science discipline without committing to professional training like engineering or medicine.	You study physical sciences — chemistry, physics, geology, and environmental topics — with a focus on how they connect to human health and the living world. This stream emphasizes the intersection between earth and life sciences rather than pure physics or chemistry alone. The co-op option lets you do paid work terms at relevant employers alongside your degree. It suits students interested in environmental health, toxicology, or science careers that bridge the natural world and wellness.
The door tomajors you reach through it	earth science	Applied to directly	health sciences
Entrance awardsat this campus, by average	6 published, 5 with no applicationfrom 80%See them	16 published, 9 with no applicationfrom 75%See them	4 published, 4 with no applicationfrom 85%See them
Source	Laurentian University on OUInfo	Carleton University on OUInfo	University of Toronto — Scarborough on OUInfo

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