2 programs, side by side

Rows marked with a dot are where these differ. Everything is each university’s own published wording; the “your average” row is yours, calculated the way each program does it.

	Waterloo Climate and Environmental Change (Regular/Co-op) OUAC WCE Remove	Lakehead Applied Life Sciences (Thunder Bay and Orillia) OUAC AA Remove
Your average, their wayrequired courses forced in
Published rangetheir exact wording	77–80%“High 70s”	70–75%“70% or 75%”
Required coursesforced into your top 6 — options are the row below	ENG4U	ENG4U MHF4U
Choose one ofany of these satisfies it	one of SCH4U, SPH4U	—
Prerequisitesas published	English (ENG4U – min. 70%) Any Grade 12 U Mathematics (min. 70%) Chemistry or Physics	Applied Life Sciences with Biotechnology Diploma (Lakehead/Georgian): ENG4U, MHF4U, SBI4U, SCH4U. Requires a minimum 75% overall final average All other majors: ENG4U, MHF4U, 2 of MCV4U, MDM4U, SBI4U, SCH4U, SES4U, SPH4U Alternative Offers If you do not meet the admission requirements for your program of choice but do meet Lakehead University's general admission requirements, you will automatically be considered for an alternate program.
More than marks?supplementary application	Marks only	Marks only
Co-op	Available	No
Degree	—	—
First-year intakewhere published	5	—
What you study	Chemistry Environmental Studies Human Geography Physical Geography	Biological Sciences Biotechnology Genetics Human Biology
What it is	You study how Earth's climate and environment work, using chemistry, physics, and geography to understand weather systems, ecosystems, and human impacts. This program combines natural science with social geography, so you examine both the physical causes of environmental change and how people and communities respond to it. It suits students curious about climate science who want hands-on experience through co-op placements alongside their coursework.	This program teaches you the science behind living systems — cells, genetics, microbes, and how drugs work in the body. You'll study biology and chemistry at a deeper level than in high school, with options to specialize in areas like biotechnology, pharmacology, or human health. It suits people curious about how organisms function and interested in careers in research, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, or environmental science.
The door tomajors you reach through it	Applied to directly	health sciences life sciences
Entrance awardsat this campus, by average	4 published, 3 with no applicationfrom 80%See them	6 published, 5 with no applicationfrom 80%See them
Source	University of Waterloo on OUInfo	Lakehead University on OUInfo

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Ranges are what each university publishes, not guaranteed cutoffs, and limited-enrolment programs often admit above them. Confirm anything you are about to act on with the university; each column links to its source.